The 13th 14th and 15th Amendments were created to protect black citizens' rights. Overall, they abolished slavery and gave black citizens rights. The Thirteenth Amendment was proposed on April 8, 1864. It stated, “Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, nor any place subject to their jurisdiction.” This formally abolished slavery in the United States. On December 18, 1865, Secretary of State William Seward Issued a statement verifying the ratification of the Thirteenth Amendment.
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The Fourteenth Amendment consists of five parts, each addressing different aspects of the law. The first section protects against the creation of laws that racially separate citizens, “All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the state wherein they reside. No state shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any state deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.” The second section clarifies voting restrictions and state representatives, “Representatives shall be apportioned among the several states according to their respective numbers, counting the whole number of persons in each state, excluding Indians not taxed. But when the right to vote at any election for the choice of electors for President and Vice President of the United States, Representatives in Congress, the executive and judicial officers of a state, or the members of the legislature thereof, is denied to any of the male inhabitants of such state, being twenty-one years of age, and citizens of the United States, or in any way abridged, except for participation in rebellion, or other crime, the basis of representation therein shall be reduced in the proportion which the number of such male citizens shall bear to the whole number of male citizens twenty-one years of age in such state.” Note that this does not allow women to vote. The third section doesn't allow anyone with a criminal record to hold office, “No person shall be a Senator or Representative in Congress, or elector of President and Vice President, or hold any office, civil or military, under the United States, or under any state, who, having previously taken an oath, as a member of Congress, or as an officer of the United States, or as a member of any state legislature, or as an executive or judicial officer of any state, to support the Constitution of the United States, shall have engaged in insurrection or rebellion against the same, or given aid or comfort to the enemies thereof. But Congress may by a vote of two-thirds of each House, remove such disability.” The fourth section excuses the national government or any state, of paying off debt to a group currently rebelling against the United States, “The validity of the public debt of the United States, authorized by law, including debts incurred for payment of pensions and bounties for services in suppressing insurrection or rebellion, shall not be questioned. But neither the United States nor any state shall assume or pay any debt or obligation incurred in aid of insurrection or rebellion against the United States, or any claim for the loss or emancipation of any slave; but all such debts, obligations and claims shall be held illegal and void.” Finally, the fifth section allows congress to revise the amendment, “The Congress shall have power to enforce, by appropriate legislation, the provisions of this article.”
The Fifteenth Amendment simply allows all races to vote, “The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude." After it was adopted into the U.S. Constitution on March 30, 1870, there were attempts to deny African Americans there voting rights, especially in the south.